Seleksi Panjang dan Diameter Tongkol Jagung Pelangi (Zea Mays L.) Generasi F5 Hasil Persilangan Bebas dengan Metode Seleksi Satu Tongkol Satu Baris

Abstract

Corn is one of the food crops that is frequently consumed by Indonesians. Plant variety development is necessary to produce superior varieties. The objective of this study was to select genotypes with the best cob length and diameter in F5 rainbow corn resulting from the crossing of three parents using the one cob per row selection method. The research method used was descriptive to observe the characteristics of 110 plant samples. The characteristics observed in this study were taken based on IPGRI guidelines. Data analysis was used to determine heritability and the coefficient of genetic variation (KKG) as well as the coefficient of phenotypic variation (KKF). The quantitative characteristics observed included plant height, cob length, male flowering age, female flowering age, number of rows of seeds per cob, number of seeds per cob, harvest age, cob diameter (cm), number of cobs per plant, and cob weight. The parameters selected in this study were the best cob length and diameter from the rows in a single cob. The genotypes selected to be used as parents in the next selection were genotype B1J1 with a cob length of 17.5 cm and a diameter of 3.1 cm, and B9J6 with a cob length of 14.5 cm and a diameter of 4.3 cm. The KKG value is rather low, namely the number of seeds per cob and cob weight, and low criteria are found in the characteristics of plant height, cob length, female flowering age, male flowering age, harvest age, number of rows per cob, cob diameter, and number of cobs per plant. The KKF value is slightly high for the number of seeds per cob, slightly low for cob weight, and low for plant height, cob length, female flowering age, male flowering age, harvest age, number of rows per cob, cob diameter, and number of cobs. The traits of male flowering age, harvest age, and cob weight have high heritability values, while the trait of female flowering age has a moderate heritability value. Meanwhile, the traits of cob length, number of rows per cob, number of seeds per cob, cob diameter, and number of cobs per plant have low heritability values.