Korelasi Gambaran Visualisasi Bronkoskopi dengan Jenis Sel pada Pasien Kanker Paru di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2023

Abstract

Background: Lung carcinoma or lung cancer is defined as a tumor that originates in the lung parenchyma or is located around the bronchi is often caused by smoking, including second hand smoke. The two main types are Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). Bronchoscopy is one of this important tools for the diagnosis and management of of lung disorders including pulmonary carcinoma. This action can be done to diagnose and treat a disease and take tissue or mucus samples throught an action called biopsy. When carrying out the procedure, several bronchoscopy visualizations are assessed, such as the bronchial lumen, bronchial mucosa, secretions and bronchial anatomy. Timely bronchoscopic intervention is important for rapid and accurate diagnosis. Objective: To determine the relationship between bronchoscopic visualization and carcinoma cell type characteristics from histopathology. Methods: The research was carried out as a cross sectional analytic observational study from October 2023 to May 2024. Patients who came to Adam Malik Medan Hospital who were suspected of having a lung tumor underwent a MSCT scan of the thorax and continued with a diagnostic examination, namely bronchoscopy, then a biopsy technique was carried out and a histopathological examination was carried out in the Anatomical Pathology laboratory and the results were found to be 67 samples of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Data included bronchoscopic visualization with lung carcinoma cell type from histopathology, were analyzed univariately and bivariately to assess the relationship between bronchoscopy visualization and lung carcinoma cell type. Results: The majority of patients were male (80%) aged 20-60 years (54%), Batak ethnicity (73%), worked outside the home (44%), had >9 years of education (72.6%), and married (87%). All patients had non small cell lung cancer (100%) are Adenocarcinoma as much as 63% and Squamous Cell Carcinoma as much as 37%. Bronchoscopy visualization shows a central location (62%), partially closed lumen (65%), smooth mucosa (64.5%), mucoid secretion (83.8%), and most often in the right main bronchus (32.2%). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between bronchoscopy location and type of lung cancer cell (P value 0.001), as well as between mucosa and cell type (P value 0.001).