Gambaran Kejadian Malnutrisi Berdasarkan Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) pada Penderita Penyakit Paru Obstruksi Kronik Stabil di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Prof. DR. Chairuddin P. Lubis

Abstract

Background and Objective: Malnutrition is a serious problem in COPD patients. Malnutrition interferes with normal skeletal muscle function, with reduced muscle mass and decreased strength and endurance of the respiratory muscles. It also contributes to respiratory muscle dysfunction, disease severity, and disability progression. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of malnutrition based on body mass index (BMI) and subjective global assessment (SGA) in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at Prof. DR. Chairuddin P. Lubis Teaching Hospital, Medan. Method: The study design was an analytical observational study conducted from November 2023 to March 2024. The study population consisted of COPD patients who visited the Pulmonary Clinic at RSCPL, with a sample size of 91 individuals selected using consecutive sampling. BMI was assessed by measuring the patients' height and weight upon arrival, while SGA was assessed using a questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS with descriptive statistics, presenting frequency distribution tables for BMI and SGA. Results: This study found that most patients were categorised as underweight, namely 28 patients (30.8%). The majority of SGA classifications were classified as malnourished/moderate "SGA B", namely 50 patients or (54.9%). Conclusion: We found that the SGA questionnaire (Subjective Global Assessment) is highly effective in detecting COPD patients with malnutrition to reduce respiratory muscle wasting and exacerbation recurrence.