Pengaruh Suhu Sintering terhadap Kristalinitas Hidroksiapatit yang Disintesis dari Tulang Ikan Lele (Clarias sp.) Melalui Metode Pengendapan Basah

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized from catfish (Clarias sp.) bone using the wet precipitation method. The bone composition was analyzed using EDXRF and showed a calcium oxide (CaO) content of 59.42 wt%. Sintering was carried out at 800°C, 900°C, and 1000°C to investigate the effect of temperature on HAp crystallinity. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups of HAp, indicated by absorption bands at 3448 cm⁻¹ and 3570 cm⁻¹ (O–H vibration), at 1043 cm⁻¹ and 1083 cm⁻¹ (asymmetric P–O stretching), and at 565 cm⁻¹ and 603 cm⁻¹ (symmetric O–P–O bending). XRD analysis revealed diffraction peaks at 2θ = 25.94°, 31.33°, 32.70°, 34.64°, and 53.29°, corresponding to crystalline HAp phases. Crystallinity increased with rising sintering temperature, reaching the highest value of 98.8% at 1000°C. FESEM–EDS analysis showed that HAp exhibited regular morphology, agglomeration, and coalescence. The average particle size was 0.628 µm, with a Ca/P ratio of 1.44 at 1000°C.