Efektivitas Aplikasi Topikal Hidrogel Ekstrak Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) terhadap Jumlah Neutrofil pada Proses Penyembuhan Inflamasi Gingiva: Studi In Vivo pada Tikus Wistar Diabetes Melitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease that can inhibit tissue healing, including gingival inflammation, through hyperglycemia, which affects immune regulation and prolongs the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils. Andaliman is a plant endemic to North Sumatra and is known to contain anti-inflammatory compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and tannins. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of topical application of 25% Andaliman extract hydrogel in reducing neutrophil cell counts in gingival inflammation in Wistar rats induced by diabetes mellitus. This study used a Post-Test Only Control Group in vivo on 36 Wistar rat models of diabetes mellitus with gingival inflammation which were divided into a treatment group given 25% Andaliman extract hydrogel, a positive control group given gengigel gel, and a negative control group given hydrogel without extract. The variables studied were clinical parameters, namely Bleeding on Probing, and histological parameters, namely the number of neutrophils. The clinical parameter evaluation results showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between all groups on days 1, 3, and 7. The histological parameter evaluation results showed no significant difference in the number of neutrophils on day 1 (p>0.05), but there was a significant difference on days 3 and 7 (p<0.05). The conclusion of this study is that the topical application of 25% Andaliman extract hydrogel is effective in reducing the number of neutrophils in gingival inflammation in diabetic Wistar rats on day 3 and day 7.