Pengaruh Variasi Elektroda E7018, E7016 dan E6013 Pengelasan SMAW terhadap Impact ,Hardness dan Mikrostruktur pada Baja Aisi 1045

Abstract

This research aims to determine the effect of electrode variations on the mechanical properties and microstructure of AISI 1045 steel welded using the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) method. The electrodes used were E7018, E7016, and E6013, with a constant welding current of 100 Amperes. The tests carried out included penetrant testing, impact test, Vickers hardness test, and microstructure observation using an optical microscope. The results showed that the E7018 electrode produced the highest hardness value of 218.33 VHN due to the formation of a denser and more homogeneous weld metal structure. The highest impact toughness value was obtained from the E7016 electrode, with an average absorbed energy of 209.07 Joules, indicating better resistance to impact loads. Meanwhile, microstructural observations revealed that E7016 and E6013 electrodes produced finer ferrite and pearlite grains, while E7018 tended to form coarser grains with higher porosity potential. Overall, the selection of electrode type significantly influences the weld quality of AISI 1045 steel in terms of both mechanical and microstructural properties.