Perbedaan Pengaruh CQDs Ekstrak Lerak 4% (Sapindus rarak DC) dengan NaOCl 1,5% dan EDTA 17% sebagai Bahan Irigasi Saluran Akar Gigi terhadap Pembentukan Biofilm Fusobacterium nucleatum (In vitro)

Abstract

The extract of lerak fruit has been extensively studied as an irrigation material in endodontic treatment, proving effective in removing smear layers, addressing necrotic tissue, being biocompatible, and possessing antibacterial activity. However, the high viscosity of lerak extract poses a challenge for penetration into the ramifications and dentinal tubules. Therefore, the development of Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs, <10 nm) lerak extract is expected to improve penetration and optimize biofilm inhibition in endodontic care. Fusobacterium nucleatum is a major pathogen in biofilm formation. This study aims to examine the effect of 4% lerak extract CQDs on the biofilm formation of F. nucleatum. The CQDs from lerak extract were synthesized using the hydrothermal method and diluted to a 4% concentration. The antibiofilm activity was tested using a 96-well microplate method with crystal violet staining to measure biofilm formation qualitatively and quantitatively. The samples were divided into four groups (n=5): (I) 4% lerak extract CQDs, (II) 4% lerak extract CQDs+1.5% NaOCl, (III) 1.5% NaOCl+17% EDTA, and (IV) positive control (CHX). Observations were made at 24 and 48 hours, with Optical Density (OD) measured using a microplate reader and biofilm distribution examined microscopically (400x). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc LSD test, which showed significant differences between groups (p<0.05). The results indicated that the most effective biofilm inhibition of F. nucleatum occurred at the first 24-hour incubation with 4% lerak extract CQDs (0.1096±0.0171), and at 48 hours, the combination of 4% lerak extract CQDs + 1.5% NaOCl (0.0670±0.0062). This study demonstrates the potential of 4% lerak extract CQDs to enhance the effectiveness of endodontic irrigation in inhibiting biofilm formation.