Karakterisasi Kristal Ion Zinc Doped Nanopartikel Hidroksiapatit Cangkang Keong Unam dan Keong Macan Dikombinasi dengan Kalsium Sulfat sebagai Kandidat Bone graft

Abstract

Periodontal disease can lead to alveolar bone destruction, thereby requiring bone graft materials that are biocompatible and bioactive to support bone regeneration. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is widely used as a bone graft material due to its osteoconductive properties and its similarity to the mineral component of natural bone. However, hydroxyapatite has limitations, including its brittle nature and relatively slow degradation rate. Efforts to improve the characteristics of hydroxyapatite can be achieved through zinc ion doping and combination with calcium sulfate (CaSO₄), which are expected to enhance the structural properties and crystallinity of the material. This study aimed to analyze the crystal structure characteristics, crystallite size, crystalline phases, lattice parameters, and degree of crystallinity of zinc-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticle composites (Zn-doped nHAp + CaSO₄) synthesized from unam snail shells (Volegalea cochlidium) and tiger snail shells (Babylonia spirata) as potential bone graft materials. This research employed a pre-experimental laboratory design. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol–gel method, followed by zinc ion doping and combination with calcium sulfate. Crystal structure characterization was performed using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) to identify the crystalline phases, crystal system and lattice parameters, crystallite size, and degree of crystallinity of the material. The XRD results showed that the Zn-doped nHAp + CaSO₄ composite formed hydroxyapatite as the dominant phase with a characteristic crystal structure, accompanied by changes in lattice parameters, crystallite size, and an increase in crystallinity due to the addition of zinc ions and calcium sulfate. These results indicate that the synthesized material exhibits structural characteristics that are promising for application as a bone graft candidate.