Morfologi dan Rasio Ca/P Ion Zinc Doped Nanopartikel Hidroksiapatit dari Cangkang Keong Unam dan Keong Macan Dikombinasi dengan Kalsium Sulfat sebagai Kandidat Bahan Bone Graft

Abstract

Morphology and Ca/P Ratio of Zinc Ion–Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Derived from Unam Snail and Tiger Snail Shells Combined with Calcium Sulfate as a Candidate Bone Graft Material

Periodontal disease can cause alveolar bone destruction, thereby necessitating the use of bone graft materials that are biocompatible and bioactive to support bone regeneration. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used as a bone graft material due to its osteoconductive properties; however, it has limitations such as brittleness and slow degradation. One approach to improve the characteristics of HA is through zinc ion doping and combination with calcium sulfate. This study aimed to analyze the morphology and calcium-to-phosphate (Ca/P) ratio of zinc ion–doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Zn-doped nHAp) synthesized from unam snail (Volegalea cochlidium) and tiger snail (Babylonia spirata) shells combined with calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) as a candidate bone graft material. This study was a pre-experimental laboratory study. The synthesis of nHAp was carried out using the sol–gel method, followed by zinc ion doping and mixing with CaSO₄. Surface morphology and Ca/P ratio characterization were performed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray (FESEM–EDX). The results showed that the Zn-doped nHAp + CaSO₄ composite exhibited relatively homogeneous and porous particle morphology, as well as a Ca/P ratio close to the stoichiometric value of hydroxyapatite. These findings indicate that the material possesses suitable characteristics as a candidate bone graft material.