Kekerasan Scaffold Berbasis Nano-Hidroksiapatit Sisik Ikan Nila dan Gelatin Komersial Menggunakan Metode Porogen Leaching dengan Perbandingan Konsentrasi Berat Berbeda

Abstract

Alveolar bone defects caused by periodontitis require a bone tissue engineering approach using scaffolds with adequate mechanical and biological properties. Nano-hydroxyapatite is a biomaterial that resembles natural bone minerals and has the potential to be used as a scaffold material, while tilapia fish scales (Oreochromis niloticus), as fisheries waste, can be utilized as a natural source of hydroxyapatite. This study is an experimental laboratory study aimed at analyzing the hardness of scaffolds based on nano-hydroxyapatite from tilapia fish scales and commercial gelatin using the porogen leaching method at weight concentration ratios of 20:10, 30:15, and 40:20. This study used scaffolds as samples with a diameter of 6.5 mm and a thickness of 10.8 mm made from nano-hydroxyapatite synthesized from tilapia fish scales using the calcination and alkaline heat treatment methods, followed by ball milling until the material reached nano size (<100 nm). A total of 30 samples were prepared and divided into 3 groups (n=10) according to the weight ratio of hydroxyapatite and gelatin, namely 20:10 (I), 30:15 (II), and 40:20 (III). The scaffolds were fabricated using the porogen leaching method and calcined at a temperature of 800°C. Hardness testing was conducted using a Vickers Hardness Tester. The results showed the highest hardness value in group III (4.31 ± 0.06 VHN), followed by group II (3.03 ± 0.01 VHN), and the lowest in group I (1.13 ± 0.01 VHN). Statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA showed significant differences in scaffold hardness values at various weight concentration ratios among all treatment groups (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the concentration of nano-hydroxyapatite increases the hardness value of the scaffold, with a higher percentage of nano-hydroxyapatite than gelatin. Scaffolds based on nano-hydroxyapatite from tilapia fish scales and commercial gelatin show potential as scaffold materials for bone regeneration applications.