Eksplorasi dan Karakterisasi Morfo-Agronomi Kultivar Padi Lokal (Oryza Sativa L.) pada Beberapa Desa di Kabupaten Labuhan Batu

Abstract

Rice is the staple food source for nearly 90% of humans, and every year there is an increase in demand for rice due to the growing population. Efforts to preserve and increase the diversity of germplasm of various plant species, including rice, are carried out through exploration activities in various regions where local rice cultivars are likely to be found. Exploration and characterization activities are important in agricultural development. This study aims to characterize and determine the degree of kinship of 12 rice cultivars originating from Labuhan Batu Regency. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, at an altitude of ± 25 meters above sea level from February 2025 to September 2025. This study was conducted using a descriptive method, namely by deliberately sampling plant samples/cultivars originating from five villages, namely Tanjung Beringin, Tanjung Mulia, Tekongan, Bagan, and Sei Rakyat. Character identification was carried out using the 2003 IRRI translation of the rice plant characterization and evaluation system guide. The results of the study showed that the exploration results obtained 12 local rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L) in Labuhan Batu Regency. Qualitative and quantitative characters in the results of morpho-agronomic characterization of 12 local rice cultivars from Labuhan Batu Regency have diverse and uniform properties both in qualitative and quantitative characters. The uniform characters include stem segment color, leaf sheath color, leaf blade color, leaf tongue color, leaf neck color, stamen color, panicle stalk color, leaf angle, grain length, total number of tillers. The cultivars Si Lumat Baru and Simayang Kuning have similarities in 37 parameters out of 50 qualitative and quantitative parameters. Based on the Similarity matrix, the red malena and ngaos cultivars have the most different kinship, but based on the dendogram, the red malena cultivar separates itself from the other 11 cultivars.