Kekuatan Tekan Scaffold Berbasis Nano-Hidroksiapatit Sisik Ikan Nila dan Gelatin Komersil Menggunakan Metode Porogen Leaching dengan Perbandingan Konsentrasi Berat Berbeda

Abstract

Bone defects exceeding the critical size threshold (>2 cm) require medical interventions to prevent pathological fractures that cannot be naturally supported by the body. One potential solution is the use of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp)-based scaffold synthesized from tilapia fish scales (Oreochromis niloticus), which exhibit a Ca/P ratio of 1.67. This study aimed to analyze the compressive strength of scaffolds fabricated from combinations of nHAp and commercial gelatin at weight percentage ratios of 20:10, 30:15, and 40:20. The samples consisted of scaffolds with a diameter of 6.5 mm and a thickness of 10.8 mm, prepared from nano-hydroxyapatite synthesized from tilapia fish scales using calcination and alkaline heat treatment methods. A total of 30 samples were produced and divided into three groups (n = 10) based on the HA-to-gelatin weight ratios: 20:10 (Group I), 30:15 (Group II), and 40:20 (Group III). The scaffolds were fabricated using the porogen leaching method followed by calcination at 800°C. Compressive strength testing was conducted using a Universal Testing Machine. The results showed that the highest compressive strength was observed in Group III (4,62±0,12 MPa), followed by Group II (4,59±0,11 MPa) and Group I (4,15±0,25 MPa). Kruskal–Wallis analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in compressive strength among all treatment groups (p < 0,05). It can be concluded that increasing the percentage of nano-hydroxyapatite relative to gelatin enhances the compressive strength of the scaffold.