Perancangan Prototype Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap Berbasis IoT dari Panas Tungku Pirolisis Sampah Plastik

Abstract

The demand for electrical energy in Indonesia continued to rise alongside the growth of industry and technology, while the availability of fossil energy sources continued to decline. Utilizing heat from the plastic-waste pyrolysis process served as a potential solution for an environmentally friendly alternative energy source. This study developed a steam-power generation prototype based on the Internet of Things (IoT) that harnessed heat from a pyrolysis furnace to produce electricity efficiently and enable real-time monitoring. The system was designed using an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with PZEM-004T and ACS712 sensors to measure voltage, current, and electrical power, supported by a 20x4 I2C LCD and a relay module as system controllers. The measurement data were automatically transmitted through a Telegram application and a Cloud Spreadsheet, allowing accurate and continuous remote monitoring. Heat from the pyrolysis furnace was used to heat water inside the boiler, generating pressurized steam that drove a mini turbine and a Denso 285 alternator as the electrical generator. Test results showed that the temperature increased from 30°C to 140°C, with a maximum pressure of 1.5 bar at 2700 seconds. Under these optimum conditions, the system produced a maximum voltage of 28 V, a current of 1.10 A, and a peak power output of 30.80 Watts. The generated DC voltage was then converted into 220 VAC through an inverter and was capable of powering light loads such as LED lamps.The IoT system operated stably and successfully displayed data automatically in real-time. This study demonstrated that heat generated from plastic-waste pyrolysis could be converted into electrical energy through a mini steam-power system integrated with IoT technology, offering an efficient and environmentally friendly approach that supports the development of sustainable waste-to-energy technologies in the future.