Potensi Pasta Gigi Kombinasi Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) dan Daun Sirih (Piper betle) Terhadap Indeks Gingiva dan Plak pada Model Tikus Wistar Gingivitis

Abstract

Dental plaque accumulation on uncleaned tooth surfaces can lead to periodontal disease. Gingivitis is a periodontal condition caused by plaque accumulation that triggers an inflammatory response in the gingiva. Although mechanical plaque control can prevent periodontal disease, inadequate cleaning may result in gingivitis. Therefore, chemical plaque control using toothpaste containing antibacterial and anti inflammatory agents is applied to enhance plaque control effectiveness. Andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) and betel leaf (Piper betle) are natural ingredients with potential antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of combination toothpaste with ratios of 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75 on the reduction of Gingival Index (GI) and Plaque Index (PI) in gingivitis induced Wistar rats, as well as to determine the correlation between both indices. This in vivo experimental study involved 20 Wistar rats divided into five groups. Data were analyzed using Paired T-test, One-Way ANOVA, and Post Hoc LSD test. The results showed a significant reduction in GI and PI (p < 0.05) in all treatment groups compared to the negative control. The 50:50 ratio showed the most significant reduction in gingival index (p = 0.004), while the 75:25 ratio showed the most significant reduction in plaque index (p = 0.003). A strong positive correlation was found between gingival index and plaque index (r = 0.671). In conclusion, combination toothpaste of andaliman fruit and betel leaf significantly reduced gingival and plaque indices. The 50:50 is effective in reducing the gingival index, whereas the 75:25 ratio is effective in reducing the plaque index.