Uji Efektivitas Gel yang Mengandung Kitosan Karboksimetil dan Kolagen terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dan Uji Sitotoksisitas Sel Fibroblas (in Vitro)

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the destruction of periodontal supporting tissues, closely associated with the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Local delivery of antimicrobial biomaterials is needed to enhance periodontal therapy and reduce the limitations of mechanical procedures and antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a gel containing carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and collagen against P. gingivalis, as well as to assess its cytotoxicity on 3T3 fibroblast cells. The gel was prepared by combining CMC and collagen with genipin as the crosslinker. Antibacterial testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method on Brucella Agar with 5% sheep blood under anaerobic conditions for 48 hours, while cytotoxicity test was assessed using the MTT assay and interpreted according to ISO 10993-5 standards. The results showed that the CMC–collagen gel produced an inhibition zone of 15.46 mm, indicating strong antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis. The cytotoxicity test demonstrated a 3T3 fibroblast cell viability of 88.42%, classifying the gel as non- cytotoxic. The conclusion of this study indicates that the gel containing carboxymethyl chitosan and collagen exhibits strong antibacterial effects against P. gingivalis while maintaining high biocompatibility, indicating its potential for development as a safe and effective local therapeutic agent in periodontal treatment.