Analisis Spasial Kejadian Tuberkulosis Resisten Obat di Kota Medan Tahun 2024

Abstract

The inability of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a sign of drug-resistant tuberculosis, which over time can lead to treatment failure, increased transmission, and a heavier burden on public health. Based on WHO data, Indonesia ranks third in the world with a burden of 7.4% of the estimated 400,000 cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis globally per year. The burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis in North Sumatra Province is 7.9 percent. At the local level, the incidence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in the city of Medan remains a significant public health problem. Various studies have discussed the risk factors for drug-resistant tuberculosis and prevention efforts. However, there is still little information on the incidence of drug-resistant tuberculosis reviewed in terms of risk factors using a spatial analysis approach. The purpose of this study was to describe the spatial distribution of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Medan City in 2024. This study used a GIS and descriptive quantitative approach. The sample in this study was all cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis with secondary data from the Health Office in 2024 in Medan City. The data analysis used was spatial. The results of the spatial analysis of drug-resistant tuberculosis cases showed that the subdistricts included in the very high category were Medan Labuhan (9.27%), Medan Selayang (7.32%), and Medan Belawan (6.83%). The contributing factors that were consistent with the spatial pattern of drug-resistant tuberculosis cases were age, gender, and previous history of tuberculosis treatment. It is recommended that the Medan City Government collaborate with the Health Office to strengthen interventions for drug-resistant tuberculosis through increased case detection, contact tracing, social sensitivity-based education, and diabetes mellitus screening in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis.