Evaluasi Kekerasan dan Morfologi Chip Periodontal Berbasis Hidrogel Propolis Geniotrigona thoracica

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the tooth supporting tissue with a high prevalence in Indonesia that requires adjuvant therapy due to the limitations of scaling and root planning (SRP) in hard-to-reach areas. Geniotrigona thoracica propolis contains antibacterial and anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds that have the potential as an alternative to chlorhexidine in hydrogel-based periodontal chips. This study aims to evaluate the hardness, surface morphology and internal structure, and the relationship between hardness and morphology of G. thoracica propolis hydrogelbased periodontal chips. This laboratory experimental study with a posttest control group design used 18 samples for hardness testing (6 groups: negative control, positive control, propolis 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% with 3 repetitions) and 6 samples for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Hardness was measured using the Vickers Hardness Test and analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). There was a significant difference in hardness between groups (p=0.011). The 5% formula showed the highest hardness (5.73 ± 0.45 HV) and was significantly different from all formulas (p<0.05). SEM showed that the 5% formula had an optimal balance between matrix density and porosity. There was a clear relationship between hardness and morphology, with the 5% formula being the optimal concentration for periodontal chips