Stabilitas pH dan Kecepatan Biodegradasi Ion Zinc-Doped Nanopartikel Hidroksiapatit Dari Cangkang Keong Macan dan Keong Unam Dikombinasi Kalsium Sulfat Sebagai Kandidat Bahan Bone Graft

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles are biomaterials that exhibit structural similarity to natural bone mineral. Tiger snail shells (Babylonia spirata) and unam snail shells (Volegalea cochlidium) contain high levels of calcium carbonate and are therefore utilized as sources for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Material modification was carried out through zinc ion doping and combination with calcium sulfate to obtain more optimal characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate pH stability and biodegradation rate of the composite as a candidate bone graft material. This research was a pre-experimental laboratory study with a one-shot case study design. Sample synthesis was performed using the sol–gel method, followed by zinc ion doping at concentrations of 3% and 5% and combination with calcium sulfate. The evaluations included pH stability analysis in buffer solutions at pH 4, 7, and 10, as well as biodegradation rate testing using simulated body fluid. The results showed that the 5% zinc-doped nHAp+CaSO₄ composite exhibited pH stability closest to physiological conditions and a biodegradation rate of 16% however, no significant differences were observed among the other groups (p = 0.557). It can be concluded that the 5% zincdoped nHAp+CaSO₄ composite demonstrates optimal pH stability and controlled biodegradation, indicating its potential as a bone graft candidate for periodontal bone regeneration.