Hubungan Sanitasi Lingkungan dan Personal Hygiene Ibu dengan Penyakit Berbasis Lingkungan pada Balita di Kampung Nelayan Kelurahan Belawan I

Abstract

Environment-based diseases remain a serious health challenge, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. Diarrhea is a global and national health problem that ranks third as a cause of death in children worldwide. It is caused by the interaction of various interrelated factors, including environmental factors and maternal personal hygiene. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between environmental sanitation, maternal personal hygiene, and environment-based diseases in toddlers in Kampung Nelayan, Kelurahan Belawan I, using a quantitative, analytical, cross-sectional survey design. The study population consisted of 182 mothers with toddlers, and primary data were collected through questionnaires administered to 63 participants. The results showed that most sanitation facilities and maternal personal hygiene did not meet the required standards, including healthy toilet facilities (85.7%), clean water facilities (57.1%), waste management facilities (77.8%), SPAL facilities (100%), maternal personal hygiene (63.5%), and cases of diarrhea (65.1%). There were significant relationships between healthy toilet facilities and the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers (p = 0.002), clean water facilities and the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers (p = 0.003), and waste management facilities and the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers (p = 0.003). However, statistical analysis could not be performed because all respondents (100%) had unhealthy sewage disposal systems. Additionally, there was a relationship between mothers' personal hygiene and the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers, with a p-value of 0.029. This study concludes that there is a significant relationship between environmental sanitation, maternal personal hygiene, and the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in Kampung Nelayan, Kelurahan Belawan I. Based on these findings, there is a need for policy support and funding to develop sanitation facilities in coastal areas. Additionally, environmental health programs must be strengthened through education, health promotion, and community assistance.