Efektivitas Ekstrak Propolis dan Chip Periodontal Berbasis Hidrogel Propolis Geniotrigona Thoracica dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Fusobacterium Nucleatum: Penelitian In Vitro

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition triggered by the accumulation of bacterial plaque. Fusobacterium nucleatum, a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, plays a role in the development of periodontal disease. The gold standard therapy for periodontal disease is scaling and root planing (SRP), which is effective for shallow pockets <3 mm and limited for deep pockets >5 mm, thus requiring adjunctive treatment with a Local Drug Delivery System (LDDS) such as propolis-based periodontal chips for gradual drug release without side effects. Geniotrigona thoracica propolis is rich in secondary compounds that have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Geniotrigona thoracica propolis hydrogel-based extracts and periodontal chips at concentrations of 2.3%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% in inhibiting the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum based on the diameter of the inhibition zone produced. This study was an experimental laboratory study with a post-test control group design using the Kirby Bauer method. The results of this study show strong and significant inhibitory activity at a concentration of 10% propolis extract and propolis-based periodontal chips, producing inhibition zones of 16.58 mm and 15.50 mm, followed by lower concentrations. The positive control of propolis extract using a 2.5% CHX solution produced an inhibition zone of 29.67 mm, while the positive control CHX chip produced an inhibition zone of 31.25 mm. The negative control of propolis extract and propolis-based periodontal chips did not show antibacterial activity because the clear zone formed was pseudo and irregular.