Evaluasi Keragaman Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.) F2 Hasil Persilangan Tetua Toleran Merkuri

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the genetic diversity of F2 generation rice plants(Oryza sativa L.) resulting from the crossbreeding of five parents, namely IF-16,IR-64, Inpari-32, Cakra Buana, and Siganteng. The study was conducted at theExperimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra,fromJune to September 2025. The research material consisted of 10 F2 families andtheir reciprocals, each of which was planted with 65 plants. The parametersobserved included plant length, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, ageat panicle emergence, panicle length, harvest age, percentage of filled grains,percentage of empty grains, and grain yield per hill. The results showed highgenetic diversity in the agronomic traits observed. Heritability values varied fromlow to moderate to high. Several traits, such as the number of productive tillers andpercentage of filled grains, showed high heritability values, indicating a dominantgenetic role. Distribution analysis based on skewness and kurtosis values showedthat some traits were controlled by additive genes, while others were influenced byepistatic genes with polygenic inheritance patterns. The IF-16 x Cakra Buanagenotype was identified as having the highest grain yield, while the Inpari-32 xCakra Buana genotype had the lowest yield. Thus,the F2 population resulting fromthe cross between mercury-tolerant parents has the potential to be a geneticresource that can be utilized in rice breeding programs to produce superiorvarieties that are adaptive to environmental stresses and have high productivity.