Perancangan Kompor Biomassa untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Kalor dan Konversi Energi Listrik dengan Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) pada Industri Tahu Skala Kecil

Abstract

Small-scale tofu industries in Harianja Village, North Tapanuli Regency, still rely on The small-scale tofu industry UD Hasibuan in Harianja Village, North Tapanuli Regency, still uses a traditional stove with low thermal efficiency. The high exhaust heat leads to increased fuel consumption and has a negative impact on the environment. This study designed an efficient biomass stove using the Water Boiling Test (WBT) method with 5 liters of water as the test medium. The system integrates 10 Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs) arranged in a series-parallel configuration, utilizing aluminum, copper, and a combination of both plates as heat conductor media for the conversion system. The results show that the designed biomass stove achieved a thermal efficiency of 20.7% with fuel consumption of 0.71 kg, compared to the traditional stove which only reached 13.4% efficiency with 1.14 kg of fuel consumption. The best TEG electrical conversion was obtained using copper plates under no-load conditions, producing a maximum voltage of 4.83 V at a temperature difference (ΔT) of 86.3°C. Meanwhile, the TEG module with combined plates generated an average energy output of 4.6 Wh/day (during 9 hours of operation) under load variations of 2, 5, and 10 ohms. The Return on Investment (ROI) analysis of the designed stove shows a value of 5.7% per day, equivalent to Rp37,500 per day. Thus, the investment cost can be recovered within approximately 18 days, with a potential profit of Rp882,608 per month.