| dc.description.abstract | Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis are at
high risk for cardiovascular complications, which remain the leading cause of mortality in this
population. Disturbances in mineral metabolism, particularly elevated calcium–phosphate product
(Ca×P), play a critical role in vascular calcification, leading to increased arterial stiffness. This
condition contributes to elevated pulse pressure (PP), a well-established marker of vascular
dysfunction and a strong predictor of cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum calcium–phosphate
product and pulse pressure in patients undergoing routine hemodialysis at Haji Adam Malik
General Hospital, Medan.
Methods: This study employed an observational analytic cross-sectional design. Participants were
chronic kidney disease patients receiving routine hemodialysis who met the inclusion criteria. Data
collected included demographic characteristics, serum calcium levels, serum phosphate levels,
calcium–phosphate product values, and pulse pressure measurements. Statistical analyses were
performed to assess the relationship between calcium–phosphate product and pulse pressure.
Results: The findings demonstrated a significant association between serum calcium–phosphate
product and pulse pressure in patients undergoing routine hemodialysis. Higher calcium–phosphate
product levels were associated with increased pulse pressure, reflecting greater vascular stiffness.
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between calcium–phosphate product and pulse
pressure in routine hemodialysis patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital. Optimal control of
calcium and phosphate levels may play an important role in reducing cardiovascular risk in this
high-risk population.
Keywords: chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, calcium–phosphate product, pulse pressure,
cardiovascular disease | en_US |
