| dc.description.abstract | Jawbone defects resulting from trauma, infection, or tooth extraction necessitate bone graft materials to trigger tissue regeneration. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is considered the gold standard material in dental applications due to its excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties. Utilizing natural waste, such as mackerel fish bone (Rastrelliger sp.), serves as an economical and sustainable alternative for HA synthesis compared to synthetic materials. This study aims to analyze the effect of varying calcination temperatures on the characterization of hydroxyapatite derived from mackerel fish bones as a potential alternative for bone graft material. Mackerel fish bones were cleaned, dried, and calcined at three temperature variations: 500°C, 700°C, and 900°C for 3 hours. Material characterization was performed using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for functional group identification, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for crystalline phase analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for surface morphology observation at 10,000x magnification. Calcination temperature significantly influenced the crystallinity and morphology of the hydroxyapatite. Analysis revealed that 700°C was the optimal condition for producing hydroxyapatite from mackerel fish bone, yielding the highest purity and superior crystal structure. A calcination temperature of 700°C produces the highest quality hydroxyapatite from mackerel bones in terms of purity and crystalline structure, making it a promising alternative bone graft material for dental applications. | en_US |
