Peningkatan Efisiensi Energi pada Gokart Listrik Melalui Penerapan Sistem Pengereman Regeneratif

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the improvement of energy efficiency in an electric go- kart through the implementation of a regenerative braking system. In conventional braking systems, the kinetic energy of the vehicle during deceleration is dissipated as friction, which is converted into heat, resulting in energy loss from the battery. Therefore, a regenerative braking system is applied to convert this kinetic energy into electrical energy and store it back into the battery. The electric go-kart used in this study is equipped with a 4000 W BLDC motor, a Votol EM-150 controller, and a 72 V 39 Ah lithium-ion battery. Testing was conducted at speed variations of 30 km/h, 40 km/h, 50 km/h, and 60 km/h under both no-load and loaded conditions. The analyzed parameters include energy consumption, regenerated energy, and overall system energy efficiency. The experimental results indicate that the efficiency of regenerative braking increases with increasing vehicle speed. Under loaded conditions, the highest efficiency was achieved at a speed of 60 km/h with a value of 10.87%, while at 30 km/h the efficiency was only 7.46%. Meanwhile, under no-load conditions, the system demonstrated significantly better performance, achieving an efficiency of 94.59% at 60 km/h compared to 50% at 30 km/h. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the regenerative braking system operates most effectively at higher speeds, particularly under no-load conditions, due to the greater amount of kinetic energy available for regeneration. The implementation of this system has been proven to improve energy efficiency, reduce wasted energy, and potentially extend the driving range of the electric go- kart without increasing battery capacity.