Inovasi Kalorimeter Berbasis IoT untuk Dekonstruksi Nilai Kalor Bahan Bakar Minyak Hasil Pirolisis Limbah Plastik

Abstract

This study aims to design and develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based calorimeter system to measure the calorific value of pyrolysis oil fuel derived from plastic waste, specifically high-density polyethylene (HDPE). This research was conducted to overcome the limitations of conventional calorimeters by integrating digital sensors and automation systems to improve measurement accuracy and efficiency. The system was designed using a PT100 RTD temperature sensor with a MAX31865 module, an INA219 current-voltage sensor, an ESP32 microcontroller, a relay, and an I²C LCD for data display. Data acquisition and transmission were carried out through the Blynk IoT platform, which enabled real-time monitoring and automatic storage to Google Drive. This research was conducted at the LIDA Physics Laboratory of the University of North Sumatra for five months. The device was calibrated using standard kerosene fuel with an average temperature increase of 0.65°C to obtain the system's heat capacity (Ckal) value. Validation tests were conducted using oil from HDPE plastic pyrolysis. The test results showed average heat values of 7,766 cal/g, 7,435 cal/g, and 8,262 cal/g, with an overall average of 7,821 cal/g and an RSD value of 4.7%, indicating good precision. The deviation from the reference value (10,936.73 cal/g) was 28.5%, caused by heat loss and combustion variations. Overall, this IoT-based calorimeter successfully demonstrated consistent, efficient, and accurate measurements, making it suitable for analyzing the energy potential of alternative fuels produced from plastic waste pyrolysis.