Implementasi Monitoring dan Kontrol Otomatis Berbasis IoT pada Penampungan Gas Hasil Pirolisis Sampah Plastik Multilayer

Abstract

The issue of plastic waste, particularly multilayer plastic, continues to escalate due to its highly non-biodegradable nature. Pyrolysis offers an effective method for converting plastic waste into gas that can be utilized as an alternative energy source. In this research, an Internet of Things (IoT)–based gas storage system for pyrolysis products was successfully designed and developed to enable real-time monitoring of temperature and pressure, as well as automatic relay control throughout the operational process. A Type-K thermocouple integrated with the MAX6675 module was used to measure reactor temperature, while a pressure transmitter monitored the gas pressure in the storage tank. All data were displayed on a 20×4 LCD and transmitted to the ThingSpeak platform using the ESP8266 module. Automatic control of the solenoid valves was implemented through a dual-relay system based on predefined pressure limits. The experimental results showed that the pyrolysis process successfully generated gas with temperature increasing from 35°C to approximately 240°C and pressure reaching up to 3 bar. Both temperature and pressure sensors demonstrated stable and consistent performance, as reflected in both on-device readings and IoT-based monitoring. The automatic control system effectively switched relay operation once the pressure threshold was reached, ensuring system safety and operational stability. The produced gas was also successfully applied to a 5500-watt generator, enabling it to operate stably for approximately 5 minutes with a consistent output of 220 volts. These findings demonstrate that integrating pyrolysis with IoTbased instrumentation enhances monitoring efficiency, operational safety, and the potential utilization of pyrolysis gas as a viable alternative energy source.