Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ekspor Rumput Laut Indonesia di Negara Tujuan Ekspor Utama

Abstract

Indonesia is the world’s largest producer and exporter of seaweed; however, export trends to major destination countries such as China, Vietnam, Japan, and others have fluctuated from year to year. This phenomenon indicates the influence of both external and internal variables on export performance. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting the volume of Indonesia’s seaweed exports during the period 2012–2023, as well as to measure the level of export competitiveness in the global market. The methods employed are Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Dynamic RCA analyses, along with panel data regression analysis to examine the effects of international prices, domestic production, exchange rates, and the population of destination countries. The results show that Indonesia has a high comparative advantage in several countries such as China and Vietnam, although not consistently every year. The international seaweed price has a positive and significant effect on export volume, the exchange rate has a negative but insignificant effect, while domestic seaweed production and the population of major importing countries have positive and significant effects. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that in order to maintain and increase exports, Indonesia needs to strengthen domestic production and enhance the value-added of seaweed derivative products to further penetrate wider markets.