Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Penyalahgunaan NAPZA di Pusat Rehabilitasi Yayasan IPWL Nazar

Abstract

Drug abuse (NAPZA) remains a serious social issue with increasing prevalence and significant impacts on individuals’ physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well being. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that contribute to drug abuse among residents undergoing rehabilitation at the IPWL Nazar Rehabilitation Center in North Sumatra. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected through indepth interviews, direct observations, and documentation. The informants consisted of the Head of the Foundation as the key informant, four residents as main informants, and one family member as an additional informant, selected through purposive sampling. The findings show that drug abuse is influenced by interrelated internal and external factors. Internal factors include curiosity, emotional instability, and an inability to cope with stress and life pressures. External factors consist of peer influence, a permissive social environment, dysfunctional family conditions with minimal communication and supervision, as well as the easy availability of narcotics in the community. The study also reveals that weak family dynamics, lack of parental presence, and poor emotional support increase residents’ vulnerability to drug abuse. Additionally, the rehabilitation programs implemented at IPWL Nazar including counseling, education, spiritual guidance, and post rehabilitation support groups play an important role in the recovery process and in preventing relapse. Overall, this study concludes that drug abuse arises from the interaction between individual psychological conditions and social environmental influences. The results are expected to contribute to the development of Social Welfare Science and provide practical input for rehabilitation institutions in improving their prevention and recovery programs for drug users.