PERAN WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME (WFP) DALAM MENANGANI KRISIS PANGAN DI ETHIOPIA TAHUN 2020-2022

Abstract

Ethiopia experienced a severe food crisis during the period 2020–2022, driven by the interaction of armed conflict, prolonged drought, economic shocks, and disruptions to food supply chains. This condition weakened food availability, access, and stability, while also generating significant social and political consequences. This study aims to analyze the role of the World Food Programme (WFP) in strengthening food security in Ethiopia amid complex humanitarian emergencies. The analysis is grounded in food security theory, particularly the four pillars of food security, and humanitarian intervention theory. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using secondary data, including official reports from international organizations, academic journals, and policy documents. The findings indicate that WFP played a crucial role in mitigating acute food insecurity through emergency food assistance, nutrition programs, and logistical support, particularly in conflict-affected and drought-prone areas. However, the effectiveness of WFP interventions was constrained by limited humanitarian access, funding shortfalls, market disruptions, and the politicization of aid delivery. Despite these challenges, WFP’s assistance contributed to preventing further deterioration of food security conditions and reducing vulnerability among affected populations. The study concludes that while WFP interventions were essential in addressing immediate needs, strengthening long-term food security in Ethiopia requires improved humanitarian access, flexible financing mechanisms, and closer integration between emergency assistance and recovery-oriented programs.