Analisis Praktik Budidaya Kopi Arabika oleh Petani Kopi di Sipirok

Abstract

Coffee is one of the main commodities in Sipirok, South Tapanuli Regency, with significant potential in both national and international markets. However, the implementation of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in coffee cultivation remains limited, resulting in suboptimal quality and competitiveness of Sipirok coffee. This research aims to analyze farmers’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) regarding Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), examine local government policies in supporting coffee development, and identify the challenges and constraints associated with the implementation of GAP. The theoretical framework draws on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of habitus, the KAP model, and Roger’s theory of innovation adoption. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, utilizing field observations, in-depth interviews, and a literature review, with data validated through triangulation techniques. The research sites include three sub-districts in South Tapanuli, namely Sipirok, Arse, and Saipar Dolok Hole. The results indicate that the majority of farmers continue to rely on traditional, intergenerational practices and have not yet fully understood or implemented Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). The main constraining factors include limited access to capital, inadequate access to information, and resistance to change. However, a small group of farmers and local enterprises have adopted GAP more effectively. Local government policies are considered insufficient in terms of extension services and farmer assistance. This research underscores that a transition toward the effective implementation of GAP requires structural and institutional support, as well as changes in farmers’ habitus, in order for Sipirok coffee to compete in the global market.

Keywords: Sipirok Coffee, Good Agricultural Practices, Knowledge Attitude Practices, Habitus, Public Policy