Potensi Jamur Pendegradasi Solar dari Kawasan Mangrove Belawan, Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Oil spills at sea has a serious problem, it can cause significant damage to coastal environments and living creatures. This study aims to determine the diversity of fungi isolated from water and soil of mangrove area and their potential to degrade diesel fuel in vitro. The ability of each fungal species and their consortium to degrade diesel fuel was also observed. Each fungal species was isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar medium follow by macroscopic and microscopic characterization. The potential of fungi in degradation diesel fuel was based on fungal biomass and biosurfactant activity. Each fungal isolate also was identified molecularly using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. Non antagonistic among fungal isolate that potential in diesel fuel degradation was observed. This observation was performed by culturing each fungal isolate on Mineral Salt Medium Broth with 2% diesel oil for each isolate or for their consortium. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) testing was performed to identify the degraded diesel fuel compounds. The total of 15 fungal isolates were found on water and soil on mangrove area, among of the isolates, three species such as Trichoderma harzianum (JMTB 01), Clonostachys rosea (JMTB 02), and Aspergillus niger (JMAB 07) showing potential in degrading diesel fuel. After 30-day incubation solar degradation showed that Clonostachys rosea had the highest degradation rate at 47.1%, followed by Trichoderma harzianum at 31.6% and Aspergillus niger at 29.9%. Consortium among isolate in degrading diesel fuel was the highest achieved by isolate KJM4 (Trichoderma harzianum-Clonostachys rosea- Aspergillus niger) at 52.6%, followed by isolate KJM2 (Clonostachys rosea- Aspergillus niger) at 49.8%. Whereas, isolate KJM1 (Trichoderma harzianum-Clonostachys rosea) showed 49.1%. Isolate KJM3 (Trichoderma harzianum-Aspergillus niger) showed a reduction in oil of 48.5%. GCMS testing revealed that the presence of residual hydrocarbon compounds and the formation of new compounds as degradation products, indicate the metabolic activity of the fungi break down diesel fuel components.