Potensi Jamur dari Air Lindi TPA Namo Bintang Deli Serdang Sumatera Utara dalam Menyerap Kadmium (Cd) dan Seng (Zn)

Abstract

Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements in the environment and cannot be biodegraded, but they can accumulate in living organisms, including fungi. This study aims to determine the potential of fungi isolated from landfill leachate to absorb Cd and Zn metals. The leachate was obtained from the Namo Bintang landfill site. Fungal isolation from leachate was performed on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. The morphology of fungal isolates was characterized macroscopically and microscopically. Screening of fungal tolerance to Cd and Zn metals was conducted on Mineral Salt Medium (MSM). The ability of fungal biomass and exopolysaccharides to absorb Cd and Zn metals was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis was performed to determine the location of heavy metals absorbed by fungi. Potential fungi were identified molecularly with ITS rDNA primers. Seventeen fungal isolates with varying morphological characteristics were obtained. Three fungal isolates (NKS 04, NKT 14, and NKT 16) had higher tolerance levels than the other isolates on mineral agar media containing Cd and Zn. The three fungal isolates were able to grow on liquid mineral media containing Cd and Zn up to a concentration of 125 ppm, with isolate NKT 14 showing the best growth at a Zn concentration of 100 ppm. The biomass of fungal isolate NKT 14 was able to absorb Cd and Zn at concentrations of 41.77 ppm and 40.25 ppm, respectively, and the exopolysaccharides produced were able to absorb Cd and Zn at concentrations of 26.45 ppm and 18.46 ppm, respectively. SEM-EDS analysis showed that Cd was absorbed on the surface of the fungal mycelium. Molecular identification using ITS primers showed that isolates NKS 04, NKT 14, and NKT 16 were Aspergillus niger, Leptosphaerulina queenslandica, and Lichteimia ramosa, respectively. The results of this study indicate that fungi obtained from leachate of the Namo Bintang landfill have the potential to absorb Cd and Zn metals, and can therefore be developed as potential agents in metal remediation.