Faktor–Faktor yang Memengaruhi Pemberian MP-ASI Dini pada Anak Usia Enam sampai 12 Bulan di Kabupaten Langkat

Abstract

Early complementary feeding (MP-ASI) remains a major nutritional problem in Indonesia. In 2023, the exclusive breastfeeding coverage in Langkat Regency was only 35.19 percent, with variations across sub-districts ranging from 29.5 to 34.5 percent. This low coverage indicates that early complementary feeding practices are still common in the area. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing early complementary feeding practices among children aged six to twelve months. This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of all mothers with infants aged six to twelve months who visited 21 out of 124 selected integrated health posts (posyandu) across seven districts in Langkat Regency, involving 155 mothers selected through a multistage cluster sampling technique. Univariate analysis showed that 74.2% of mothers introduced complementary foods before the age of six months, while only 25.8% did so at the recommended time. Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations between maternal knowledge (p<0.001), attitude (p<0.001), husband’s support (p=0.001), health workers’ role (p<0.001), maternal occupation (p=0.004), and cultural factors (p=0.018) with early complementary feeding practices. Multivariate analysis identified the role of health workers as the most influential factor (p<0.001; Exp(B)=14.009; 95% CI: 2.988–65.676). Mothers with poor knowledge and attitude, lack of spousal support, minimal involvement of health workers, employment outside the home, and unsupportive cultural norms had a 73.1% higher likelihood of providing early complementary feeding. In contrast, family income showed no significant association with the practice. Therefore, it is recommended that the Langkat District Government strengthen the role of health workers in promoting exclusive breastfeeding and preventing the early introduction of complementary foods.