Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Beberapa Aksesi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Lokal Samosir Asal Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan Generasi M1V2 Hasil Induksi Kolkisin

Abstract

The local Samosir shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a local shallot variety grown in North Sumatra with many advantages, including a distinctive taste and aroma, as well as a shinier color. However, it tends to have smaller bulbs, which reduces production quantity. Efforts to overcome small bulb size can be done through genetic engineering using the chemical mutagen colchicine. To obtain the desired traits, further observation and evaluation are needed to maintain the stability of superior traits that can be passed on to the next generation. This study aims to identify the growth and production of several local Samosir shallot accessions from Humbang Hasundutan Regency, M1V2 generation, colchicine-induced. This research was conducted on Jl. Pasar 1, Tanjung Sari Village, Medan from April to July 2025. This study used descriptive statistical analysis method with treatment comparison through independent t test at α = 0.05 level. The treatment consisted of several accessions, namely Siunong-unong Julu, Simamora 3, and Tipang 2 which had been induced by colchicine mutagen with several colchicine concentrations, namely 0, 200, 400, and 600 ppm. The results showed that colchicine gave different responses to each accession of local Samosir shallot generation M1V2. Siunong-unong Julu accession at 200 ppm colchicine concentration showed an increase in plant length, number of leaves, bulb diameter, wet and dry weight of bulbs, dry weight of shoots, dry weight of roots, harvest index, and percentage of bulb quality compared to the control. The Simamora 3 accession at concentrations of 400 and 600 ppm showed increased plant length, bulb diameter, wet and dry bulb weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and bulb quality percentage compared to the control. The Tipang 2 accession at a concentration of 200 ppm showed increased plant length, number of leaves, bulb diameter, wet and dry bulb weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and bulb quality percentage compared to the control.