Studi Produksi Bahan Bakar Bensin dari Sampah Plastik

Abstract

Plastic waste is an increasingly serious environmental problem that requires sustainable solutions. One promising method to address this issue is pyrolysis, which is a thermal conversion process that transforms plastic waste into liquid fuel. This study aims to analyze the potential production of gasoline fractions from plastic waste types high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) through thermal pyrolysis at temperatures of 300-350 °C, as well as to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of the resulting gasoline fractions. The pyrolysis process was conducted using a closed reactor under oxygen-free conditions, and the resulting pyrolysis oil was subsequently distilled to obtain gasoline fractions. The analyzed parameters included oil yield, calorific value, density, viscosity, flash point, boiling point, water content, and octane number. The results indicate that PP plastic produced the highest total pyrolysis oil yield at 76.86% and the largest gasoline fraction after distillation at 55.83%, compared to HDPE and PS. The gasoline fraction derived from PP plastic also exhibited the best quality, characterized by a high calorific value, low density, viscosity close to that of commercial gasoline, and an octane number of 82.2. However, all gasoline fractions obtained from the pyrolysis process exhibited relatively high flash points and therefore did not fully meet the quality standards of commercial gasoline such as Pertalite. Consequently, further upgrading processes are required to improve the quality of pyrolysis oil so that it can be optimally utilized as an alternative fuel.