Analisis Distribusi Tegangan Gigi Tiruan Lengkap dengan Shortened Dental Arch berdasarkan Jumlah Anasir dan Arah Beban Pengunyahan menggunakan Finite Element Analysis

Abstract

In addition to rehabilitating and restoring the functional and esthetic needs of edentulous patients, an important objective of complete denture fabrication is to achieve an optimal distribution of stress from masticatory loads—both axial and oblique—within physiological tolerance limits on the supporting tissues. Proper stress distribution helps prevent excessive resorption of the residual ridge. One commonly adopted approach to reduce the load transmitted to the ridge is to decrease the number of occlusal units, a concept known as the Shortened Dental Arch (SDA). To evaluate the biomechanical response of ridge mucosa beneath dentures with varying numbers of artificial teeth, the present study employed finite element analysis (FEA) based on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) data of a well-rounded mandibular ridge. Three complete denture models consisting of 28, 24, and 20 occlusal units were analyzed under both axial and oblique loading conditions. The resulting stress distributions were then assessed and compared. The findings demonstrated that under a 100 N axial load, the highest stress was observed in the 28-unit model, followed by the 20-unit and 24-unit models. Under a 100 N oblique load, the 28-unit model exhibited the highest stress, followed by the 24-unit and 20-unit models. Based on these results, the SDA concept—specifically the use of 24 occlusal units—is recommended in the fabrication of complete dentures, as it provides the most favorable stress distribution compared with the 28-unit and 20-unit configurations under both axial and oblique loading conditions.