Prevalensi Manifestasi Oral Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSUD Lubuk Sikaping Kabupaten Pasaman Tahun 2022

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from disturbances in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Chronic hyperglycemia changes the function of several types of cells that cause structural and functional changes in body tissues, one of which manifests itself in the oral cavity. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients based on the presence or absence of oral manifestations and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients based on the type of oral manifestations at RSUD Lubuk Sikaping Pasaman Regency. This research is a descriptive study with a cross- sectional approach, the number of samples is 96 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and they were selected by purposive sampling method. The inclusion criteria in this study were long-suffering diabetes mellitus for more than 1 year, willing to be research subjects, and willing to come during data collection. Exclusion criteria for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are taking other drugs such as glucocorticoids, neuroleptics, alpha-interferons, pentamidine, antihypertensives, and antidepressants, suffer from systemic diseases other than diabetes mellitus such as hypertension and patients who are immunocompromised, use dentures and are uncooperative. The results showed that 14 people (14.6%) had 1 type of oral manifestation of diabetes mellitus, 20 people (20.9%) of 2 types of oral manifestations, 31 people (32.3%) of 3 types of oral manifestations, 4 types of oral manifestations in 26 people (27.0%) and no oral manifestations in 5 people (5.2%). Oral manifestations were found in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at RSUD Lubuk Sikaping are gingivitis in 81 people (84.4%), xerostomia in 75 people (78.1%), oral thrush in 25 people (26.0%), halitosis in 57 people (59.4%), and burning mouth syndrome 11 people (11.5%). Based on the results of the study it was concluded that oral manifestations found in patients with diabetes mellitus are gingivitis, xerostomia, oral thrush, halitosis, and burning mouth syndrome. The most common oral manifestation in patients with diabetes mellitus is gingivitis.