Pengaruh Kemoterapi terhadap Kesehatan Mata pada Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut Fase Induksi di Rumah Sakit Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Background: Leukemia is the most common malignancy in children and may cause multisystem involvement, including ocular structures. Ocular manifestations of leukemia include retinal hemorrhage, papilledema, and leukemic cell infiltration, which can potentially lead to visual impairment and even blindness. Hematological abnormalities such as anemia and thrombocytopenia are thought to contribute to these complications. Chemotherapy can suppress leukemic cells and improve hematological parameters; however, it may also have adverse effects on ocular health. Objective: To determine the association between chemotherapy, hemoglobin levels, platelet counts, and the occurrence of ocular manifestations in pediatric leukemia patients hospitalized at Adam Malik Hospital, Medan. Methods: This study was an analytical observational study with a pre-post design involving pediatric leukemia patients treated at Adam Malik Hospital, Medan during the study period. Data were collected through interviews, ophthalmologic examinations, and laboratory assessments. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the association between independent variables and ocular manifestations, with a significance level of p < 0.05. vii Results: Low hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with the occurrence of ocular manifestations (p < 0.05). Platelet counts also showed a significant association with ocular manifestations, particularly in cases of intraocular hemorrhage (p < 0.05). However, chemotherapy was not significantly associated with the occurrence of ocular manifestations in pediatric leukemia patients (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Anemia and thrombocytopenia contribute significantly to the development of ocular manifestations in children with leukemia, whereas chemotherapy did not show a significant effect in this study. Nevertheless, successful chemotherapy may have a positive impact on improving ocular manifestations through better control of leukemia disease activity.