Optimasi Ekstrak Etanol Buah Berembang (Sonneriatia caseolaris (L.) Engl.) terhadap Kadar Total Fenol menggunakan Box Behnken Design (BBD)

Abstract

Background: Berembang fruit (Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl) is known to have a high phenolic content. Phenolic compounds can be extracted using various methods, one of which is Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). Various extraction conditions, such as microwave power, extraction time, and the ratio of material to solvent, can affect the yield and total phenol content obtained. Objective: This study aims to identify the optimal extraction conditions including microwave power, extraction duration, and material to solvent ratio that produce the highest yield and total phenol content. Methods: The research includes sample preparation, simplicia characterization, and phytochemical screening tests. The extraction process was carried out using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE), where the extraction conditions were designed using the Box Behnken Design (BBD) with the help of Design Expert® 13 software. Total phenol content was measured colorimetrically using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and read with a visible spectrophotometer. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the quadratic model was the best fit (p-value < 0.05). ANOVA analysis indicated that the model was significant with a non-significant lack of fit. Based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the optimal extraction conditions were at a microwave power of 442.026 watts, extraction time of 14.720 minutes, and material-to-solvent ratio of 1:24.887 g/mL. Under these conditions, a yield of 11.740 % and a total phenol content of 316.919 mg GAE/g sample were obtained, with a desirability value of 96.5 %. Conclusion: The optimal conditions for extracting phenolic compounds from berembang fruit were 442.026 watts of power, 14.720 minutes of extraction time, and a material-to-solvent ratio of 1:24.887 g/mL. These conditions yielded 11.740 % extract and a total phenol content of 316.919 mg GAE/g sample.