Pengaruh Preferensi Media Sosial dan Kelompok Sebaya terhadap Perilaku Makan Berisiko pada Siswa SMA di Kota Medan Tahun 2024

Abstract

The 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) reported an increase in obesity prevalence from 21.8% in 2018 to 23.4% in 2023. Obesity, as a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), contributes to global mortality and is closely linked to poor dietary patterns, including frequent consumption of risky foods. Risky eating behaviors are influenced by adolescents' habits of socializing with peers and exposure to social media influences. This study aims to analyze the influence of social media preferences and peer groups on risky eating behaviors among high school students in Medan City. This observational study employs a cross-sectional design conducted across seven public high schools (SMAN) selected through cluster random sampling from a total of 21 SMANs, involving a population of 7,604 students. A sample of 334 students was selected using simple random sampling. Data collection was carried out through interviews using structured questionnaires. The study utilized univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data analyses. Bivariate analysis employed the Chi-Square test, while multivariate analysis used multiple logistic regression. The results revealed that the majority of students exhibited high-risk eating behaviors (187 students or 56%), with negative social media preferences (194 students or 58.1%) and negative peer group influences (182 students or 54.5%). Social media preferences (p-value = 0.001) and peer group influences (p-value = 0.001) significantly affected risky eating behaviors. The most influential factor was social media preferences, with an Exp(B) value of 3.970 (95% CI: 2.478-6.362). It is recommended that the Medan City Health Office utilize technology more effectively to promote health through health centers (puskesmas) by organizing healthy podcasts that can reach school health units (UKS). Furthermore, the Department of Education is encouraged to collaborate with schools via student councils (OS/S) to initiate a "Healthy Social Media Movement" aimed at strengthening high school students' self-concept in resisting negative influences from social media and peers.