Hubungan Ekspresi Immunohistokimia Notch 1 terhadap Subtipe Histopatologi Basal Cell Carcinoma pada Kulit Wajah

Abstract

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm from immature pluripotent cells of the epidermis layer and outer sheath of hair follicles. BCC proliferation is influenced by several factors, including the NOTCH 1 protein which plays a role in the tumor suppressor gene. NOTCH 1 is a receptor protein produced by the NOTCH 1 gene, especially for the developmental process during embryogenesis. NOTCH 1 signaling pathway plays a role in the processes of cell growth and division, maturation (differentiation) and apoptosis. Increased NOTCH 1 activity in primary keratinocytes causes stem cell renewal over an indefinite period of time. Stem cells can undergo mutations and change their properties to become malignant stem cells or cancer stem cells/CSC. Objective: To determine the relationship between the expression of NOTCH 1 immunohistochemical staining and the histopathological subtype of basal cell carcinoma in the skin. Materials and Methods: This research method used a cross-sectional test on 40 microscopic preparations of cases of basal cell carcinoma of the skin. Microscopic preparations were stained with Hematoxilin and Eosin to assess histopathological subtypes, then stained with NOTCH 1 immunohistochemistry. Material was taken from medical records and the Somers'd test was used to assess the relationship between NOTCH 1 and basal cell carcinoma subtypes of the skin. Results: There was a significant relationship between NOTCH 1 immunohistochemical expression and the histopathological subtype of basal cell carcinoma with p-value = 0.009 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The highest age group is 59 - 70 and >70 years, the highest gender group is female, the highest location is in the middle face, the highest tumor size is <2 cm and the highest subtype is lower risk BCC.