Analisis Trauma Kejiwaan Tokoh Utama Novel Penance Karya Minato Kanae ( Kajian Psikologi Sastra)

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to describe the psychological trauma of the main characters and to analyze the impact of psychological trauma in the novel Penance by Minato Kanae. This study uses a literary psychology approach with a descriptive qualitative method. The research data consist of narrative and dialogue excerpts from the novel. Data analysis is conducted using Aaron Beck‘s cognitive theory, which emphasizes that psychological disorders arise from persistent negative thinking patterns toward the self, the environment, and the future. The results show that the psychological trauma of the main characters is dominated by negative views of the self and the environment. The characters perceive themselves as guilty, worthless, and undeserving of relief from suffering, while viewing their social environment as indifferent and threatening. Negative views of the future are not explicitly found in the novel. The impact of psychological trauma appears in negative thinking patterns and emotional-based judgments. The characters tend to see themselves as completely damaged and reject the possibility of a normal life, such as marriage or social relationships. In addition, emotions such as fear, guilt, and pressure become the basis for their actions, leading to impulsive and deviant behavior. Other impacts of trauma, such as overgeneralization and disqualifying the positive, are not found in this novel.