| dc.description.abstract | The purpose of this study is to describe the psychological trauma of the main
characters and to analyze the impact of psychological trauma in the novel Penance
by Minato Kanae. This study uses a literary psychology approach with a
descriptive qualitative method. The research data consist of narrative and dialogue
excerpts from the novel. Data analysis is conducted using Aaron Beck‘s cognitive
theory, which emphasizes that psychological disorders arise from persistent
negative thinking patterns toward the self, the environment, and the future. The
results show that the psychological trauma of the main characters is dominated by
negative views of the self and the environment. The characters perceive
themselves as guilty, worthless, and undeserving of relief from suffering, while
viewing their social environment as indifferent and threatening. Negative views of
the future are not explicitly found in the novel. The impact of psychological
trauma appears in negative thinking patterns and emotional-based judgments. The
characters tend to see themselves as completely damaged and reject the possibility
of a normal life, such as marriage or social relationships. In addition, emotions
such as fear, guilt, and pressure become the basis for their actions, leading to
impulsive and deviant behavior. Other impacts of trauma, such as
overgeneralization and disqualifying the positive, are not found in this novel. | en_US |
