Sintesis Nanopartikel Perak Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Sungkai (Peronema canescens) Dan Aktivitasnya Sebagai Antibakteri

Abstract

Background: Silver nanoparticles or argentum nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using green synthesis methods have attracted widespread attention due to their various therapeutic potentials. Sungkai leaves (P. canescens) are known to contain secondary metabolites that act as natural reducing agents. Objective: This study aims to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the antibacterial activity of AgNPs synthesized using sungkai leaf extract (P. canescens). Methods: Synthesis was carried out by reacting a 1 mM silver nitrate (AgNO₃) solution with sungkai leaf extract (P. canescens) at pH 9. Nanoparticle characterization was performed by analyzing absorbance peaks, functional groups, particle size, particle surface morphology, and crystal structure. Antibacterial activity was tested against S. aureus and E. coli using the disk diffusion and microdilution methods. Results: The UV–Vis spectrum shows an absorption peak at 414.5 nm, indicating the formation of silver nanoparticles. PSA analysis shows an average particle size of 68.01±63.29 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.426, while SEM morphological analysis shows a spherical morphology and homogeneous particle distribution. XRD results confirmed a face-centered cubic crystal structure with an average crystallite size of 14,88 ± 6,05 nm. Antibacterial testing showed inhibition zones with a strong category for S. aureus and E. coli bacteria and minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.63% for S. aureus and 1.25% for E. coli, respectively. Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles synthesized using sungkai leaf extract (P. canescens) exhibit significant antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This green synthesis method has the potential to be developed as an effective and environmentally friendly natural antibacterial agent.