Kriminalisasi Terhadap Direksi dalam Pengurusan Perseroan Terbatas

Abstract

Directors in the management of a Limited Liability Company (PT) susceptible punished by law enforcement officials, especially the directors who took care of the State-owned enterprises as well as directors who take care company that has a cooperative relationship with government projects. The formulation of the problem as follows: First, Why business decisions Board of Directors as a Limited Liability Company to be criminalized. Second, How legal protection against the Board of Directors who are criminalized for making business decisions that are taken in good faith.

The research method used is the method of Legal Research. The approach methods used are the approach of the law (statute approach), the approach of the case (case approach), the historical approach, a comparative approach, and the conceptual approach. Source materials the laws used are the primary legal materials, secondary law and tertiary legal materials. While the technique of collection of legal materials used are library research and analysis of legal material used is collecting the primary legal materials, secondary and tertiary managed and analyzed qualitative with normative juridical approach typical style juridical denken and the results are presented in the form of descriptive analysis.

Criminalization of Business Decisions Limited Board of Directors to do if such a decision violated the rights of the public. Corporations, Directors and Employees can be held criminal liability depends on the respective roles of the subject and can be traced role by using the collective knowledge doctrine, responsibility corporate officer, Theory of Accomplice liability Further Legal Protection Against Directors of the Company Limited, using the doctrine of the business judgment rule and reactive corporate fault.

The conclusion is the decision-making process analysis capabilities of Directors be the main factor to determine whether there is a criminal act (acteus reus) and not the result of a business decision (profit or loss). The decision making process the Board of Directors determines the presence or absence of mens rea. Suggested frameworks of Directors has in accordance with the principles of good corporate governance (GCG), contained in all decision-making procedures of Directors, is the highest standard of morality (the moral standards of the highest) for the Board of Directors, it is important for all components of law enforcement ranging from police, prosecutors, judges and lawyers to unify the concept that the Board of Directors is the trustee who carry out the mandate to manage and represent the best interests of the Limited Liability Company .

Direksi dalam pengurusan Perseroan Terbatas (PT) rentan dijatuhi pidana oleh aparat penegak hukum, terutama direksi yang mengurus perusahaan Badan Usaha Milik Negara maupun direksi yang mengurus perusahaan yang mempunyai hubungan kerjasama dengan proyek pemerintah. Adapun rumusan masalah sebagai berikut: Pertama, Mengapa keputusan bisnis Direksi sebagai Pengurus Perseroan Terbatas dapat dikriminalisasi. Kedua, Bagaimanakah perlindungan hukum terhadap Direksi yang dikriminalisasi atas keputusan bisnis yang diambil dengan itikad baik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Metode Penelitian Hukum. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach), pendekatan kasus (case approach), pendekatan historis (historical approach), pendekatan komparatif (comparative approach), dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach)., Sumber bahan hukum hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tertier. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dan analisis bahan hukum yang digunakan ialah mengumpulkan bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tertier dikelola dan dianalisis secara kualitiatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif gaya khas juridis denken dan hasilnya dipaparkan dalam bentuk deskriptif analitis. Kriminalisasi Keputusan Bisnis Direksi Perseroan Terbatas dapat dilakukan apabila keputusan bisnis tersebut melanggar hak publik. Korporasi, Direksi dan Karyawan dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana tergantung dari peranan masing-masing subjek dan dapat ditelusuri peranannya dengan menggunakan collective knowledge doctrine, responsibility corporate officer, teory of accomplice liability Selanjutnya Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Direksi Perseroan Terbatas, dengan menggunakan doktrin business judgment rule dan reactive corporate fault. Kesimpulannya berada pada kemampuan analisis proses pengambilan keputusan Direksi menjadi faktor utama untuk menentukan ada tidaknya perbuatan pidana (acteus reus) dan bukan kepada hasil dari sebuah keputusan bisnis (untung atau rugi). Proses pengambilan keputusan Direksi menentukan ada atau tidaknya mens rea. Disarankan kerangka berfikir Direksi yang telah sesuai dengan prinsip tata kelola perusahaan yang baik (Good Corporate Governance), tertuang dalam semua prosedur pengambilan keputusan Direksi, merupakan the highest standard of morality (standar moral tertinggi) bagi Direksi, penting bagi semua komponen penegak hukum mulai dari kepolisian, kejaksaan, hakim dan advokat untuk menyeragamkan konsep bahwa Direksi adalah trustee yang menjalankan amanah untuk mengurus dan mewakili Perseroan Terbatas untuk kepentingan terbaik bagi Perseroan Terbatas tersebut.