Tradisi Mangupa pada Masyarakat Angkola Suatu Kajian Antropolinguistik

Abstract

Performansi tradisi lisan mangupa adat Angkola Tradisi lisan mangupa sebagai nasihat berumah tangga dengan bermohon kepada Allah SWT, Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Tradisi ini, dipercaya oleh komunitas adat untuk mengembalikan semangat ke badan (paulak tondi tu badan). Desertasi ini berjudul “Tradisi Mangupa pada Masyarakat Adat Angkola: Suatu Kajian Antropolinguistik” sebagai objek kajian adalah: performansi tradisi mangupa adat Angkola, kemudian dilakukan analisis performansi teks, koteks, dan konteks, meretas nilainilai kearifan lokal serta upaya merevitalisasi tradisi mangupa adat Angkola. Penganalisisan data digunakan antropolinguistik sebagai jalan masuk pada tradisi mangupa digunakan teori antropolinguistik untuk mengkaji teks, ko-teks, dan konteks. Kemudian mengkaji isi dengan melihat nilai kearifan lokal kemudian dilakukan upaya merevitalisasi pola performansi tradisi mangupa adat Angkola. Metode yang digunakan melakukan survey, wawancara dengan informan kunci, sumber data primer pada upacara mengupa dan data sekunder dengan mengumpulkan data lapangan, menganalisis data. Hasil analisis data tradisi mangupa adat Angkola merupakan suatu upacara adat yang diyakini oleh komunitas Angkola dengan mememohon berkah dari Allah SWT agar terhindar dari mara bahaya, berhasilnya pendidikan, dapat jabatan, juara, berangkat ke atau pulang dari tanah suci mekah (menurut keyakinan pemeluk agama Islam). Bentuk teks mangupa kemudian dianalisis dan dikelompokkan menjadi empat yang terdiri dari: 1) teks mangupa dengan menggunakan nama Allah SWT, 2) teks mangupa berupa doa, 3) teks mangupa berupa harapan, 4) teks mangupa dengan filosofis adat Angkola. Makna filosofis yang berfungsi sebagai budaya holistik, pedoman hidup agar: sangap, hamoraon, hagabeon. Kearifan lokal mangupa antara lain: a) kearifan holong mangalap holong, b) kearifan marsirippa (gotong royong), c) kearifan hubungan tu tuhan namanjadihon (vertikal), d) kearifan paulak roha (horizontal), e) kearifan tu tano si jong-jongan (alam), f) kearifan martutur poda, g) kearifan ingot-ingot (ingatan budaya),h) kearifan penghargaan gender. Revitalisasi tradisi mangupa pada Keterhubungan, kebernilaian, dan keberlanjutan.

The performance of the Angkola-oral tradition of mangupa as advice for married couple by begging to Allah the Almighty God, the Only Almighty God. This tradition is believed by the traditional community that it will bring the spirit back to the body (paulak tondi tu badan). The title of the dissertationis “Oral Tradition of Mangupa Horja Manonga of the Angkola Traditional Community.” The objective of the study is the performance of the Angkola-oral traditionof mangupa; analysis of the performance of the text, co-text, and context, to break through the values of the local wisdoms, and to revitalize the Angkola oral tradition of mangupa. Anthropolinguistics is used to analyze the text of mangupa, co-text, and context. The content is analyzed to find out the values of the local wisdoms, then revitalize the patterns of the performance of the oral tradition of mangupa. The methods used are survey and interviews with the key informants. The primary data are the ceremony of mangupa and the secondary data are collected by gathering data in the field, and by analyzing the data. The results show that the Angkola tradition of mangupa is a customary ceremony believed by the Angkola community that by begging for blessing from Allah the Almighty God they will be safe from any dangers, be successful in education, get good positions, be champions, perform the pilgrimage to the holy land of Mecca (as believed by the Islamic devotees). The form of the text of mangupa is then analyzed and classified into 1) text of mangupa uses the name of Allah the Almighty God, 2) text of mangupa as prayer, 3) text of mangupaas hope, 4) textof mangupaas the philosophy of Angkola custom. Philosophically, the function of text of mangupa is as a holistic culture and way of life so that they are sangap, hamoraon, hagabeon. The local wisdoms are a) wise in the social-faithful friendship, b) in cooperation with the society and in relation to Allah the Almighty God (vertical), c) in relation to the society (horizontal), d) in relation with nature, e) in speaking with politeness, f) in cultural remembrances, and g) in gender appreciation. The tradition of mangupa is revitalized in inter-relatedness, valuableness, and continuity.