Analisis Sistem Pengkuran Risiko Operasional Pelabuhan (Studi Kasus : PT Pelindo I (Persero) Cabang Belawan)

Abstract

Risiko timbul oleh adanya ketidakpastian yang bersumber dari faktor internal maupun eksternal. Risiko yang cukup kompleks terjadi di pelabuhan akan berdampak terhadap keberlangsungan bisnis perusahaan khususnya terkait operasional pelabuhan. Risiko operasional merupakan sebuah risiko yang timbul dari pelaksanaan fungsi bisnis perusahaan yakni; sistem, proses, manusia, dan juga peristiwa eksternal. Keberhasilan pengukuran risiko operasional akan sangat dipengaruhi oleh kehandalan dan keefektifan metode pengukuran risiko. Metode Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) yang diadopsi dari Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) akan mampu mendefinisikan dan mengelompokkan risiko-risiko berdasarkan sumbernya untuk masing-masing tingkatan secara mendetail sehingga pengukuran risiko operasional memberikan gambaran secara terstruktur terhadap seluruh risiko yang dihadapi perusahaan. Ruang lingkup kegiatan pelabuhan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini terkait dengan arus barang yang dikategorikan menjadi 4 bagian yakni; pelayanan kapal, pelayanan barang, pelayanan bongkar muat, dan pelayanan terminal petikemas. Dari hasil identifikasi yang dilakukan diperoleh 8 risiko operasional dimana masing-masing kelompok terbagi atas kategori risiko operasional. Kategori risiko operasional yang mempunyai bobot kepentingan tertinggi adalah risiko kecurangan dan penipuan internal, risiko kegagalan infrastruktur dan peralatan, serta risiko kepegawaian dan keamanan lingkungan kerja.

The risk arises from the uncertainty that comes from internal and external factors. Risk is quite complex in the port will affect the sustainability of the company's business, especially related to port operations. Operational risk is a risk arising from the implementation of the business functions of the company namely; systems, processes, people, as well as external events. Successful measurement of operational risk will be greatly influenced by the reliability and effectiveness of risk measurement methods. The Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) method adopted from the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) will be able to define and group risk-based risks for each level in detail so that the measurement of operational risk provides a structured overview of all risks facing the firm. The scope of port activities studied in this study is related to the flow of goods categorized into 4 parts namely; ship service, goods service, loading and unloading service, and container terminal service. From the identification result, there are 9 operational risks in which each group is divided into operational risk category. The operational risk category which has the highest importance weights is the risk of fraud and internal fraud, the risk of infrastructure failure and equipment, as well as staffing risk and work environment security.