Pengaruh Pemberian Gel Ekstrak Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) dan Gel Aloclair® Terhadap Ekspresi TGFβ1 dan PDGF-BB Sebagai Penanda Proliferasi Sel Fibroblas pada Penyembuhan Luka di Mukosa Palatal Tikus Wistar

Abstract

Herbal medicines have become an alternative to chemical medicines as plant derived medicines have lesser side effects. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten). STEENIS) has an active composition of flavonoids, saponins, tannins and polyphenols which can stimulate fibroblast proliferation and collagen formation that aids in wound healing. The increment of essential growth factors such as Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) and Platelet Derived Growth Factor-BB (PDGF-BB) can subsequently increase the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts which may accelerate the normal wound healing process. This study aimed to analyze the differences in the expression of TGFΒ1 and PDGF-BB in wounds in the palatal mucosa of wistar rats which were applied to binahong leaf extract gel and Aloclair® gel. This study was an experimental research carried out in several stages including the collection of fresh binahong leaves, preparation of experimental murine samples, production of pulverized binahong leaves and its extract through phytochemical screening, then continued with in vitro and in vivo tests. In vitro tests included viability testing of binahong leaf extract, 3T3 fibroblast cell proliferation kinetics testing, binahong leaf extract (BLE) gel production and standardization testing. In vivo tests included fibroblast proliferation testing under hematoxylin and eosin staining, and evaluation of the differences in TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB immunohistochemical expression. Statistical analysis was performed using One Way ANOVA. TGF-β1 immunoexpression evaluation results showed significant differences between the BLE gel and the control group, and the Aloclair® gel group with the control group. Evaluation of PDGF-BB immunoexpression revealed significant differences between all groups on all days between BLE gel, Aloclair® gel and the control groups except on day 14, which had no significant differences between the Aloclair® gel and BLE gel groups. From this study, binahong leaf extract can stimulate more fibroblast cell proliferation by greatly expressing TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB in palatal wounds.

Bahan herbal menjadi alternatif obat kimia karena obat yang berasal dari tanaman memiliki efek samping yang relatif lebih sedikit daripada obat kimiawi sintetis. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) STEENIS) mengandung senyawa aktif dari golongan flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan polifenol yang dapat menstimulasi proliferasi fibroblas dan pembentukan kolagen yang berperan dalam proses penyembuhan luka. Faktor pertumbuhan yang utama seperti Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) dan Platelet Derived Growth Factor-BB (PDGF-BB) dapat meningkatkan proliferasi dan diferensiasi fibroblas yang akan mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka normal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan ekspresi TGFΒ1 dan PDGF-BB pada luka di mukosa palatal tikus wistar yang diaplikasikan gel ekstrak daun binahong dan gel Aloclair®. Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap yang meliputi pengumpulan dan pengolahan daun binahong, penyiapan hewan coba, pembuatan simplisia dan ekstrak daun binahong beserta skrining fitokimia, lalu dilanjutkan dengan uji in vitro dan in vivo. Uji in vitro meliputi uji viabilitas ekstrak daun binahong, uji kinetika proliferasi sel fibroblas 3T3, dan uji karakterisasi gel. Uji in vivo meliputi uji optimasi konsentrasi gel ekstrak daun binahong, uji proliferasi fibroblas dengan HE dan uji perbedaan ekspresi TGF-β1 dan PDGF-BB. Analisis statistik telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan One Way ANOVA. Pada uji imunoekspresi TGF-β1 terlihat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok gel ekstrak daun binahong dengan kontrol dan kelompok gel Aloclair® dengan kontrol. Pada uji ekspresi PDGF-BB terlihat perbedaan signifikan diantara semua kelompok perlakuan dan hari antara gel ekstrak daun binahong, gel Aloclair® dan kontrol kecuali pada hari ke 14 tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok gel Aloclair® dengan gel ekstrak daun binahong. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan ekstrak daun binahong dapat menstimulasi proliferasi sel fibroblas lebih banyak dengan cara mengekspresikan TGF-β1 dan PDGF-BB pada luka palatum dengan dari gel Aloclair® dan kontrol.