Analisa Kadar Timbal (Pb) pada Rambut Operator SPBU X di Kecamatan Tanjung Morawa Tahun 2019

Abstract

Technological developments in the transportation sector that are growing rapidly make vehicles’ exhaust emissions increase too. In vehicles fumes, there is one dangerous element, it is lead. Lead (Pb) is a gasoline fuel mixture to improve vehicle performance. Gas station operator is one of the groups that is at risk of exposure lead because inhale fuel that evaporates into the air and vehicle fumes due to the behaviour of drivers who don’t turn off the engine while queuing. The type of this research is descriptive survey to determine lead (Pb) levels on the hair of the gas station operator X in Tanjung Morawa sub-district. Samples that 22 people were taken by purposive sampling. Methods data were collected by using a questionnaire which is the followed by laboratory examination. The results showed that the lead levels on the hair of the gas station operator meet health requirement, all the samples are below the maximum limit of lead metal contamination on the hair, that is <10 ppm. Characteristics of respondents are aged 20-29 years as many as 15 people (68,2%), the gender of female respondents as many as 13 people (59,1%), the working period of respondents <2 years as many as 12 people (54,5%), hours working hours of respondents <8 hours as many as 19 people (86,4%), respondents who don’t have smoking habits as many as 17 people (77,3%), the levels of knowledge of respondents is in the medium category as many as 18 people (81,8%) and respondents who don’t use complete personal protective equipment as many as 22 people (100,0%). It is recommended for the gas station operator to use personal protective equipment such a mask, in order to minimalism the lead exposure to their bodies. It is expected to the manager of gas station X in Tanjung Morawa sub-district to apply regulations can wear a mask while working.

Perkembangan teknologi di sektor transportasi yang berkembang pesat membuat emisi gas buang dari kendaraaan bermotor ikut meningkat juga. Di dalam asap kendaraan bermotor, ada salah satu unsur yang berbahaya yaitu timbal. Timbal (Pb) merupakan campuran bahan bakar bensin untuk meningkatkan kinerja kendaraan bermotor. Operator SPBU merupakan salah satu kelompok yang beresiko terpajan timbal karena menghirup bahan bakar yang menguap ke udara dan asap kendaraan akibat perilaku pengendara yang tidak mematikan mesin saat mengantri. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan survei deskriptif untuk mengetahui kadar timbal (Pb) pada rambut operator SPBU X di Kecamatan Tanjung Morawa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 22 orang yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang kemudian diikuti dengan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar timbal (Pb) pada rambut operator SPBU memenuhi syarat kesehatan, seluruh sampel berada dibawah batas maksimum cemaran logam timbal pada rambut yakni <10 ppm. Karakteristik responden yaitu umur 20-29 tahun sebanyak 15 orang (68,2%), jenis kelamin responden perempuan sebanyak 13 orang (59,1%), masa kerja responden <2 tahun yaitu sebanyak 12 orang (54,5%), lama paparan responden <8 jam yaitu sebanyak 19 orang (86,4%), responden yang tidak memiliki kebiasaan merokok yaitu sebanyak 17 orang (77,3%), tingkat pengetahuan responden paling banyak berada di kategori sedang yaitu sebanyak 18 orang (81,8%), dan responden yang tidak menggunakan APD lengkap sebanyak 22 orang (100,0%). Disarankan bagi operator SPBU agar menggunakan alat pelindung diri berupa masker untuk meminimalisir paparan timbal terhadap tubuh. Diharapkan bagi pimpinan SPBU X di Kecamatan Tanjung Morawa agar menerapkan peraturan dapat memakai masker saat bekerja.